1.前言
以前搭建集群都是使用nginx反向代理，但现在我们有了更好的选择——K8S。我不打算一上来就讲K8S的知识点，因为知识点还是比较多，我打算先从搭建K8S集群讲起，我也是在搭建集群的过程中熟悉了K8S的一些概念，希望对大家有所帮助。K8S集群的搭建难度适中，网上有很多搭建k8s的教程，我搭建的过程中或多或少遇到一些问题，现在就把我总结完的教程给大家总结一下。这里主要讲通过二进制包安装K8S
2.集群组件介绍
| 节点 | ip | 组件 |
| master | 192.168.8.201 | etcd：存储集群节点信息 kubectl：管理集群组件，通过kubectl控制集群 kube-controller-manage：监控节点是否健康，不健康则自动修复至健康状态 kube-scheduler：负责为kube-controller-manage创建的pod选择合适的节点，将节点信息写入etcd |
| node | 192.168.8.202 | kube-proxy：service与pod通信 kubelet：kube-scheduler将节点数据存入etcd后，kubelet获取到并按规则创建pod docker |
3.etcd安装
yum install etcd –yvi /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
修改etcd.conf内容
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"
启动
systemctl start etcdsystemctl enable etcd
4.下载k8s安装包
打开，选择一个版本的安装包
点击CHANGELOG-1.13.md，在master节点上安装server包，node节点上安装node包
5.master节点安装server
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz #解压mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg} #创建文件夹mv kubernetes/server/bin/{kube-apiserver,kube-scheduler,kube-controller-manager,kubectl} /opt/kubernetes/bin #移动文件到上一步的文件夹 chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/* 5.1配置apiserver
cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserverKUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\--v=4 \\--etcd-servers=http://192.168.8.201:2379 \\--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\--insecure-port=8080 \\--advertise-address=192.168.8.201 \\--allow-privileged=true \\--service-cluster-ip-range=10.10.10.0/24 \\--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \\--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"EOF
cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes API ServerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserverExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF
5.2配置kube-controller-manager
cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-managerKUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\--v=4 \\--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\--leader-elect=true \\--address=127.0.0.1"EOF
cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes Controller ManagerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-managerExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF
5.3配置kube-scheduler
cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-schedulerKUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\--v=4 \\--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\--leader-elect"EOF
cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes SchedulerDocumentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-schedulerExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF
5.4运行kube-api与kube-controller-manager与kube-scheduler
vim ku.sh #创建一个脚本，内容如下
#!/bin/bashsystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable kube-apiserversystemctl restart kube-apiserversystemctl enable kube-controller-managersystemctl restart kube-controller-managersystemctl enable kube-schedulersystemctl restart kube-scheduler
执行以上脚本
chmod +x *.sh #给权限./ku.sh #运行
5.5将kubectl配置到环境变量，便于执行
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin" >> /etc/profilesource /etc/profile
至此server安装成功，可通过命令查看相关进程是否启动成功
ps -ef |grep kube
启动失败可通过以下命令查看信息
journalctl -u kube-apiserver
6.安装node节点
6.1docker安装
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.reposudo yum makecache fastsudo yum -y install docker-cesudo systemctl start docker
6.2解压node.zip包
tar zxvf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gzmkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg}mv kubernetes/node/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /opt/kubernetes/bin/ chmod +x /opt/kubernetes/bin/*
6.3创建配置文件
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
apiVersion: v1kind: Configclusters:- cluster: server: http://192.168.8.201:8080 name: kubernetescontexts:- context: cluster: kubernetes name: default-contextcurrent-context: default-context
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
apiVersion: v1kind: Configclusters:- cluster: server: http://192.168.8.201:8080 name: kubernetescontexts:- context: cluster: kubernetes name: default-contextcurrent-context: default-context
cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletKUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \\--v=4 \\--address=192.168.8.202 \\--hostname-override=192.168.8.202 \\--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\--allow-privileged=true \\--cluster-dns=10.10.10.2 \\--cluster-domain=cluster.local \\--fail-swap-on=false \\--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"EOF
cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes KubeletAfter=docker.serviceRequires=docker.service[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubeletExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTSRestart=on-failureKillMode=process[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF
cat </opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyKUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \--v=4 \--hostname-override=192.168.8.202 \--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"EOF
cat </usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service[Unit]Description=Kubernetes ProxyAfter=network.target[Service]EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxyExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTSRestart=on-failure[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.targetEOF
6.4启动kube-proxy与kubelet
vim ku.sh
#!/bin/bashsystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable kubeletsystemctl restart kubeletsystemctl enable kube-proxysystemctl restart kube-proxy
至此node安装完成，查看是否安装成功
失败则查看日志
journalctl -u kubelet
7.master节点验证是否有node节点
查看集群健康状态
至此master与node安装成功
8.启动一个nginx示例
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=88 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
验证
浏览器访问
9.安装dashbord
vim kube.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: Deploymentmetadata: labels: app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-systemspec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: app: kubernetes-dashboard annotations: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: | [ { "key": "dedicated", "operator": "Equal", "value": "master", "effect": "NoSchedule" } ] spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.7.0 imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 9090 protocol: TCP args: - --apiserver-host=http://192.168.8.201:8080 livenessProbe: httpGet: path: / port: 9090 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30---kind: ServiceapiVersion: v1metadata: labels: app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-systemspec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 9090 selector: app: kubernetes-dashboard 创建
kubectl create -f kube.yaml
查看pod
查看端口
访问bord
至此集群搭建完成